In the context of space robotics, thermal control systems are crucial for ensuring that robotic components and instruments operate within optimal temperature ranges. This is important because space environments expose systems to extreme temperature fluctuations, from intense heat to deep cold, which can damage electronic and mechanical parts. In hospitals and pharmaceutical applications, similar principles of thermal control are vital for maintaining the integrity of sensitive equipment and medications, which must often be stored and used within specific temperature limits.

Here’s how and why thermal control systems are used in both space robotics and hospital pharma:

1. Heat Management in Space Robotics:

• Vacuum Environment: In space, the vacuum means heat cannot dissipate through convection. Space robotics rely on radiation to either absorb or release heat. Thermal control systems, such as heat pipes, radiators, and insulation (like multi-layer insulation or MLI), are essential for maintaining operational temperatures.

• Temperature Extremes: Spacecraft and robots experience extreme temperatures. For instance, on the sunlit side of an orbit, temperatures can soar, while they…