IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) itself is not inherently “genetic,” but it is often associated with procedures that involve genetics, such as embryo selection and genetic testing. Here’s a breakdown:

1. IVF Process (Non-Genetic Aspect):

• The basic IVF process involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body and implanting the resulting embryo into the uterus.

• This process does not alter the genetic material of the egg, sperm, or embryo.

2. Genetic Screening in IVF:

• Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT):

• PGT-A: Checks for chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., extra or missing chromosomes, like in Down syndrome).

• PGT-M: Screens for specific inherited genetic conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia).

• PGT-SR: Looks for structural rearrangements in chromosomes.

• These tests help select embryos that are more likely to result in a successful pregnancy and avoid passing on genetic disorders.

3. Gene Editing in IVF (Experimental and Controversial):

• Techniques like CRISPR are being explored to edit genes in embryos, potentially to prevent inherited diseases.

• However, this is highly controversial and raises ethical concerns about “designer babies” and unintended consequences.