Principles of Water Management in China: From Ancient Traditions to Modern Policies

China’s approach to water management reflects a blend of traditional philosophies, imperial strategies, and modern engineering solutions. Water has been central to the country’s survival, agriculture, and development, with notable figures like Mao Zedong influencing modern policies. This case study examines the evolution of water principles in China, focusing on the Yangtze River flood management.

1. Ancient Philosophies on Water

Daoism and Confucianism

• Daoism: Water symbolizes adaptability and resilience, following the path of least resistance while shaping its environment. Laozi emphasized harmony with natural water flows.

• Confucianism: Advocated for balancing human needs with nature, fostering controlled management of water to benefit society.

Irrigation Systems in Early Dynasties

• Dujiangyan Irrigation System (3rd century BCE): A flood-control and irrigation project on the Min River. It emphasized engineering solutions that worked with nature, not against it.

• Hydraulic Expertise: Hydraulic engineers like Li Bing prioritized balanced water diversion without disrupting natural ecosystems.

2. Imperial Water Management

The Grand Canal (Sui and Tang Dynasties)

• A monumental engineering project connecting the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers…